Giáo án Tiếng Anh Lớp 7 - Bài 12: An overcrowded world (Một thế giới quá đông đúc)

UNIT 12: AN OVERCROWDED WORLD
(MỘT THẾ GIỚI QUÁ ĐÔNG ĐÚC)
VOCABULARY
New words
Meaning
Picture
Example
Crime
/kraɪm/
(n)
Hành vi phạm tội, tội ác
Knife crime is a serious problem in European countries.
Tội phạm dùng dao là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng ở các nước châu Âu.
Density
/ˈdensəti/
(n)
Mật độ
High population density can cause many problems.
Mật độ dân số cao có thể gây ra nhiều vấn đề.
Famine
/ˈfæmɪn/
(n)
Nạn đói
In 1945, Vietnamese people were in a severe famine.
Năm 1945, người Việt Nam đã ở trong một nạn đói khủng khiếp.
Health care
/ˈhelθ ˌkeə(r)/
(n)
Chăm sóc sức khỏe
The government will reduce the costs of health care for poor people.
Chính phủ sẽ cắt giảm chi phí chăm sóc sức khỏe cho người nghèo.
Issue
/ˈɪʃuː/
(n)
Vấn đề
It is a big issue, we shouldn’t ignore it.
Đó là một vấn đề lớn, chúng ta không nên bỏ qua nó. 
Standard of living
/ˌstændəd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ/ 
(n)
Mức sống
Mức sống của con người bây giờ cao hơn trước kia.
Megacity
/ˈmeɡəsɪti/ 
(n)
Siêu đô thị
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh là siêu đô thị đầu tiên của Việt Nam.
Overcrowded
/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/
(adj)
Quá đông đúc, đông nghịt
Ở Hà Nội, có nhiều người đang sống trong tình trạng quá đông đúc.
Physician
/fɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
(n)
Bác sĩ (người chuyên điều trị mà không dùng phẫu thuật)
Ông ấy trở thành bác sĩ riêng của Tổng thống vào năm 1995
Poverty
/ˈpɒvəti/
(n)
Sự đói nghèo
Có rất nhiều người già đang sống trong đói nghèo.
Slavery
/ˈsleɪvəri/ 
(n)
Tình trạng nô lệ
Họ từng sống trong cảnh nô lệ và nghèo đói.
Slum
/slʌm/
(n)
Nhà ổ chuột
Thường có vài khu ổ chuột ở những thành phố lớn.
Spacious
/ˈspeɪʃəs/
(adj)
Rộng rãi
The hotel rooms are spacious and comfortable.
Phòng khách sạn rất rộng rãi và thoải mái.
Underdeveloped
/ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/
(n)
Chưa phát triển
People in underdeveloped countries have low standards of living.
Người dân ở những nước chưa phát triển có mức sống thấp.
Wealthy
/welθi/
(adj)
Giàu có
America is a wealthy nation.
Mỹ là một quốc gia giàu có.
GRAMMAR
SO SÁNH VỀ SỐ LƯỢNG VỚI “MORE/LESS/FEWER”(COMPARISONS OF QUANTIFIERS)
Các lượng từ “more/less/fewer” (nhiều hơn/ ít hơn/ ít hơn)
More (nhiều hơn): là dạng so sánh hơn của “many” và “much”.
Less, fewer (ít hơn): “less” là biến đổi của “little”, còn “fewer” là biến đổi của “few”.
“more” dùng để so sánh số lượng vật này nhiều hơn vật kia, còn “fewer” và “less” được dùng để so sánh số lượng vật này ít hơn vật kia.
Cấu trúc
So sánh (Danh từ đếm được và danh từ không đếm được)
 + more+ danh từ + than+ 
VD: The countryside has more trees than a big city. (Vùng quê có nhiều cây hơn thành phố lớn.)
This city has more traffic than that one.
(Thành phố này có xe cộ đi lại nhiều hơn thành phố kia.)
So sánh kém (Danh từ đếm được)
 + fewer + danh từ đếm được số nhiều (-s/es) + than+ 
VD: The countryside has fewer problems trees than a big city. (Vùng quê có ít vấn đề hơn thành phố lớn) 
So sánh kém (Danh từ không đếm được)
 + less + danh từ không đếm được + than+ 
VD: I have less money than you. (Tôi có ít tiền hơn bạn)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng.
I have (less/ fewer) pocket money than my brother.
He eats (less/ fewer) vegetables and fruit than his wife.
The doctor advised the kid to eat (less/ fewer) sweets to be healthy.
There are (less/ fewer) cars in this town than in my city.
Mr. Smith does (less/ fewer) exercise than he should.
She has (less/ fewer) patience than her coworker.
I have (less/ fewer) time to spend on relaxing than my sister.
Peter wants to have (less/ fewer) business trips because he has become seriously weak.
She has (less/ fewer) work to do than me.
The students have (less/ fewer) days to finish the project.
 Jack is advised to smoke (less/ fewer) cigarettes.
 Jane has (less/ fewer) friends than Jim.
 My city has (less/ fewer) friends than Jim.
 There are (less/ fewer) tourists this year.
 Peter has (less/ fewer) toys than his sibings.
Bài 2: Điền “more/less/fewer” vào chỗ trống sao cho hợp lý.
My company has ____________ employees than your company because mine has about one hundred employees but yours has almost two hundred.
Jim learns better than Jane. He has ____________ good grades than Jane.
Because of water pollution, nowadays there is ____________ fresh water than in the past.
My neighborhood is more peacefull than your neighborhood. Yours has criminal cases than mine.
There are ____________ industrial emissions in the city than in the countryside.
Nowadays people spend ____________ money on education than in the past.
I hope this year we will harvest ____________ rice than last year, so we won’t be worried about famine.
Many people are moving to the city because there are ____________ job opportunities there than in the countryside.
The government are trying to raise the living standards of people. I think that there will be ____________ slum areas in the future.
 Underdeveloped countries have to deal with ____________ problems than developed countries.
Bài 3: Nối mệnh đề ở cột A với mệnh đề ở cột B sao cho hợp lý.
A
B
This year, we grow more
in the city than in the countryside.
Fresh graduates often have less
exciting experiences than his friends.
There are fewer trế
pets than anyone else in her class
Jim has more
working experience than other employees.
Today Jane shows less
flowers than we grew last year.
My borther has to cope with more
sheep in the farm now than before.
Joana owns more
problems than me.
There are more
confidence than she usually does.
_______	2- _______	3- _______	4-_______
5- _______	6-_______	7-_______	8- _______
Bài 4: Dựa vào câu cho trước, viết câu so sánh với “more/less/fewer”.
Today I ate one slide of bread.
 Today I ate less bread than yesterday.
My school has about two thousand students. Jane’s school has more than three thousand student.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
I have only one science book but my brother has up to ten science books.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
There is only one library in her town but there are many libraries in my city.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Yesterday I drank too much wine but Jane just drank a little.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
We can find several skyscrapers in the city but we hardly find one in the rural area.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
I think you can finish two tasks and Jane can finish one task today.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Maria has been to 4 countries in the world and I have been to 6 countries.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
This week my mother bought 3 littles of milk. Last week she bought 6 littles.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
My watch cost a lot of money but her watch was even more expensive than mine.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
 This year they will plant two hundred trees along the streets. Last year they only planted one hundred trees.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Bài 5: Gạch chân lỗi sai trong các câu sau đây và sửa lại cho đúng.
Now there are more people in this village as in the past.
_____________________________________________________________________
Jonh has more patient than I expected.
_____________________________________________________________________
My brother’s house has fewer modern equipments than mine.
_____________________________________________________________________
Today Kim showed fewer confidence than usual. 
_____________________________________________________________________
There are fewer mouse in this house than there used to be.
_____________________________________________________________________
There fishermen caught less fish yesterday than usual.
_____________________________________________________________________
You may have to face more problem than your colleague.
_____________________________________________________________________
Jim has less time to complete his assignment than.
_____________________________________________________________________
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI (TAG QUESTIONS)
Định nghĩa và cách dùng
Định nghĩa
Câu hỏi đuôi là một câu hỏi ngắn, được thêm vào cuối câu trần thuật, đứng đằng sau dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ:
You like mushrooms, don’t you?
(Bạn thích nấm phải không?)
He isn’t a doctor, is he?
(Anh ấy không phải là một bác sĩ phải không?)
It’s a table, isn’t it?
(Nó là một cái bàn phải không?)
Cách dùng
Trong văn nói, ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi tùy thuộc vào cách diễn đạt.
Nếu xuống giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi thì có nghĩa là không thật sự đặt câu hỏi, chỉ muốn người nghe đồng ý với mình.
Nếu lên giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi, thì đó là câu hỏi thực sự.
Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng với các mệnh đề trần thuật
Cấu trúc
Auxiliary/ To be/ Modal verb (not) + Subject
Trong đó
Auxiliary(trợ động từ) như do/ dose/did, have/has
Động từ tobe: am/ is/ are, was/were
Modal verb (động từ khuyết thiếu) như can, could, must 
Subject (chủ ngữ) như he, she, it 
Trường hợp 1
Nếu câu trần thuật là câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể phủ định.
Hình thức phủ định thường được rút gọn (not = n’t)
Ví dụ:
She is reading book, isn’t she? (Cô ấy đang đọc sách, phải không?)
Mr. Nam can speak English well, can’t he? (Ông Nam có thể nói tiếng Anh tốt, phải không?)
They did the test yesterday, didn’t they? (Họ đã làm bài kiểm tra vào hôm qua phải không?)
Your sister can swim, can’t she? (Chị gái của bạn biết bơi, phải không?)
Trường hợp 2
Nếu câu trần thuật là câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định.
Ví dụ:
Nga isn’t a student, is she? (Nga không phải là học sinh, phải không?)
I shouldn’t smoke here, should I? (Tôi không nên hút thuốc ở đây, phải không?)
Her parents don’t work in this company, do they? (Bố mẹ cô ấy không làm việc ở công ty này, phải không?)
They don’t have to go to school, do they? (Họ không phải đi tới trường phải không?)
Chú ý
Nếu trong câu trần thuật có trợ động từ hoặc động từ to be thì trợ động từ này được lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
She was a writer,wasn’t she?
Miss Lan will go to Ho Chi Minh next month, won’t she?
They didn’t meet him last night, did they?
Nếu câu trần thuật không có trợ động từ, dùng trợ động từ tương ứng với thì của câu trần thuật như do/ dose/did, have/has 
He lives in Hanoi city, doesn’t he?
You came here, didn’t you?
They watch TV every evening, don’t they?
Trường hợp đặc biệt
Câu hỏi đuôi của I am là aren’t I- nhưng nếu là I am nôt thì vẫn dùng am I?
Ví dụ: I am wrong, aren’t I? (Tôi sai, phải không?)
I’m not wrong, am I? (Tôi không sai, phải không)
Câu trả lời đối với dạng câu hỏi đuôi
Yes nếu đồng ý với câu trần thuật ở trên.
No nếu không đồng ý với ý kiến ở câu trần thuật.
Ví dụ:
Your sister is married, isn’t she?
Yes, she has just married./ No, of couse she isn’t.
Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý câu trả lời Yes/No trong câu trả lời đối với câu hỏi phủ định.
Ví dụ:
You’re not going out today, are you? (Hôm nay bạn không đi chơi phải không?)
Yes. (=Yes, I am going out) Có. (Có, tôi có đi chơi)
No. (No, I am not going out) Không. (= Không, tôi không đi chơi)
Các bước lần lượt thành lập câu hỏi đuôi
Bước 1: Xác định thì của mệnh đề chính.
Bước 2: Xác định loại động từ có trong câu: động từ thường, động từ khuyết thiếu hay động từ to be.
Bước 3: Xác định mệnh đề chính là câu khẳng định hay phủ định.
Nếu mệnh đề chính là câu khẳng định câu hỏi đuôi là câu phủ định.
Nếu mệnh đề chính là câu phủ định câu hỏi đuôi là câu khẳng định.
Bước 4: Thay đổi đại từ trong câu hỏi đuôi nếu cần.
Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ:
Câu trần thuật phủ định, 
câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định.
Câu trần thuật khẳng định, 
câu hỏi đuôi phủ định.
You aren’t a teacher, are you?
 You are a student, aren’t you?
He isn’t crazy, is he?
He is very busy, isn’t he?
They weren’t late, were they?
They were surprised, weren’t they?
You don’t speak French, do you?
You speak English, don’t you?
You haven’t been here all week, have you?
You have studied all week, haven’t you?
You won’t fail the exam, will you?
You will pass the exam, won’t you?
She can’t drive a car, can she?
She can speak two languages can’t she?
We mustn’t say anything, must we?
We must be patient, mustn’t we?
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 6: Điền một chủ ngữ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu hỏi đuôi sau.
They are going home from school, aren’t____________?
John didn’t do the washing yesterday, did ____________?
We couldn’t buy a new car, could ____________?
Kevin will arrive here before 4 o’clock, won’t ____________?
I am not good- looking, am ____________?
James is from England, isn’t ____________?
The car isn’t in the garage, is ____________?
You are Ann, aren’t ____________?
His father took him to the zoo yesterday, didn’t ____________?
 Our neighbors have moved here, haven’t ____________?
Bài 7: Khoanh tròn vào đáp án đúng.
She is collecting seashells, (is/isn’t) she?
We often play soccer in the afternoon, (do/don’t) we?
You weren’t recognized, (were/ weren’t) you?
Your father (has/hasn’t) cleaned your bike, hasn’t he?
John and Jim (like/don’t like) scary movies, don’t they?
You (can/can’t) win this competition, can you?
She is watching TV downstairs, (isn’t/doesn’t) she?
The journey to the South cost a lot of money, (doesn’t/ didn’t) it?
You won’t lie to me, (will/do) you?
 Josh and John have met each other, (haven’t/don’t) they?
 She’s from a small town in Thailand, (doesn’t/isn’t)she?
I am intelltgent, (amn’t / aren’t) I?
 We’re late again, (/ aren’t) we?
 They are going to France this summer, (aren’t/ don’t) they?
 She didn’t use to work in a hotel, (did/does) she?
 You must obey the rule, (don’t/mustn’t) you?
 They need some new clothes, (needn’t/ don’t) they?
 Jim and his wife live in a tiny flat, (doesn’t/ don’t) they?
 Mary studies very hard every night, (doesn’t/ did) she?
 This table is made wood, (isn’t/ doesn’t) it?
 There are 30 students in your class, (aren’t/ don’t) there?
 You shouldn’t take in too much sugar, (do/ should) you?
 David and James will be learning Japanese at this time next week, (aren’t/ won’t) they?
 She doesn’t cook very often, (do/does) she?
 Jim hurt this leg yesterday, (doesn’t/ didn’t) he?
Bài 8: Điền các câu hỏi đuôi cho sẵn vào chỗ trống sao cho hợp lý.
aren’t
don’t we
is she
 does he
will they
is she
did it
won’t they
wasn’t he
isn’t she
Your parents will pick you up today, ____________?
Mary isn’t sleeping now, ____________?
My cat didn’t come home yesterday, ____________?
My brother was ill yesterday, ____________?
I am right, ____________?
We often go fishing in the weekend, ____________?
They won’t destroy this building, ____________?
Jim doesn’t like collecting stamps, ____________?
Your grandmother is watering flowers, ____________?
 She isn’t your sister, ____________?
Bài 9: Hoàn thành các câu hỏi đuôi sau đây.
It is your cat, ____________?
This umbrella is yours, ____________?
You won’t leave the party early, ____________?
We went to a Japanese restaurant yesterday, ____________?
You mustn’t press this button, ____________?
They haven’t found their keys, ____________?
Anne and Tom often play badminton with each other, ____________?
Peter is listening to music upstairs, ____________?
The students must finish their homework, ____________?
 It will be snowing at this time next week, ____________?
 I can leave now, ____________?
 My classmates and I will be learning English at 8 a.m, tomorrow, ____________?
 You didn’t attend the meeting, ____________?
The sheep are grazing in the fields, ____________?
 Josh should pay attention to his health condition, ____________?
His father was an employee of this company ten years ago, ____________?
 My mother doesn’t like my untidiness, ____________?
 James will go camping with us tomorrow, ____________?
 Your bike is broken, ____________?
 You were terrified by the thunder, ____________?
 They didn’t expect me to appear at the meeting, ____________?
 It is important to be on time, ____________?
 This doctor hasn’t worked in the local hospital for 2 months, ____________?
 We have been to New York, ____________?
 James could win the match yesterday, ____________?
Bài 10: Đánh dấu [√] trước câu đúng. Đánh dấu [X] trước câu sai và sửa lại cho đúng.
_________ 1. You can afford time to come to our party, can you?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 2. He put sugar on my coffee, doesn’t he?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 3. They won’t let me take photos here, will?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 4. This song is catchy, isn’t this?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 5. Your mother’s bought you a new dress, isn’t she?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 6. Someone mistook you for a famous singer, didn’t they?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 7. Josh practices singing every day, does he?
_____________________________________________________________________
_________ 8. There isn’t any parks near here, is there?
_____________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 11: Dựa vào những thông tin có trong bảng cho sẵn, sử dụng “more/less/fewer” để so sánh trường học của Jane và Peter.
Number of
Jane’s school
Peter’s school
Student
2 thousand
1.5 thousand
Building
5
4
Classroom
280
190
Classroom equipment
Computer, projector, ceiling fans
Computer, projector, loudspeakers, air- con, fans
Student club
6
9
Time for self- studying
10 hours a week
8 hours a week
Jane’s school has less students than Peter’s school.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Bài 12: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nghĩa không đổi so với câu thứ nhất, sử dụng 
“more/less/fewer”.
There are more street lights on this road than that road.
 There are fewer street lights on that road than this road.
There were fewer criminal cases in my country 3 years ago than now.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
There are more wealthy people in big cities than in the countryside.
__________________________________________________________________ 
My city has fewer slums than yours.
__________________________________________________________________ 
The standards of living in the cities shows more improvement than in the rural areas.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Old factories produce more carbon dioxide emissions than modern factories.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
There are less arable land in the city than in the countryside.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Are there more health centres in my city now than ten years ago?
 __________________________________________________________________ 
People in developed countries spend more money on health care and education than in the underdeveloped countries.
__________________________________________________________________ 
Bài 13: Hoàn thành các câu hỏi đuôi sau:
No one will reveal my secrets, ____________?
Everyone in the room is staring at me, ____________?
A bridge will be built here next year, ____________?
There aren’t any slums in your city, ____________?
Someone has eaten my cake, ____________?
The Smiths will travel back to their hometown next summer, ____________?
There will be more skyscrapers in our city, ____________?
You have been to Paris, ____________?
Jim should do more research on this topic, ____________?
 In the past, rabies was an incurable disease, ____________?
 A conference on population explosion will be held tomorrow, ____________?
 You didn’t use to walk to school, ____________?
 Your pets are fed by your mom everyday, ____________?
 Air pollution is caused by carbon dioxide emissions from factories and vehicles, ____________? 
 You used to be a teacher, ____________? 
Bài 14. Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, viết mệnh đề trần thuật và câu hỏi đuôi của nó.
You/ go shopping/ with your mother tomorrow.
 You will go shopping with your mother tomorrow, won’t you.
Mr. Smith/ not come/ home/ yesterday.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Your parents/ be/ at home/ now.
__________________________________________________________________ 
It/ not rain/ tomorrow. 
__________________________________________________________________ 
Jim/ not do/ his homework/yet.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Jane’s cat/ sleep/ now
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Mary and Jim/ can/ speak/ both English and French.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
Peter/ live/ here/ for 5 years.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
These shoes/ cost/ a lot of money.
__________________________________________________________________ 
You sisters/ look after/ your grandparents/ now.
 __________________________________________________________________ 
 I/ must/ go home/ now.
__________________________________________________________________ 
Bài 15: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng.
Favela
“Favela” is the Portuguese word for “slum” in Brazil in one of the (1)__________ economically unequal countries in the world. Favelas(2) __________ associated with extreme poverty. They earn much(3) __________ money than other people. Residents of favelas are often discriminated (4) __________ they live in these communities. They have (5) __________ chance of experiencing inequality and exploitation than the upper classes. Moreover, the cocaine trade has affected Bazil and (6)v favelas. A favela can (7) __________ ruled by a drug lord. The Brazil government has made attempt to improve the living (8) __________ of slums’ redidents in 20th century.
A. most	B. more	C. fewer	D. less
A. is	B. are	C. do	D. did
A. most	B. more	C. fewer	D. less
A. Despite	B. Although	C. Because	D. However
A. most	B. more	C. fewer	D. less
A. its	B. it	C. theirs	D. their
A. is	B. was	C. been	D. be
A. levels	B. classes	C. standards	D. grades
Bài 16: Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây.
Over the years, overpopulation has posed major threat to our fragile environment. Its effects are quite severe. One of the most obvious consequences is that natural resources will soon be used up. As the human population continues to explode, fininnte natural resources, such as fossil fuels, fresh and frontier forests continue to plummer. If the number of people continues to rise uncontrollably, the available resources won’t not meet the demand of people.
Moreover, because of the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, human has caused some serious pollution. The huge number of vehicles and factories have polluted the air, land and even water. Rise in amount of carbon dioxide emissions contributes to global warming. That causes the polar ice caps to melt and change climate patterns.
If there is a polutation explosion in one area, the whole ecosystem will be affected. With the population expansion, such activities as agriculture and land development will make natural habitats shrink. For example, rainforests used to cover 14% of the entire earth’s surface. Today, rainforest-covered land in the next four decades.
Which effect of overpoplution is mentioned in the first paragraph?
Depletion of natural resources.
Exploitation of natural resources.
Use of natural resources.
What does “plummet” mean?
Increase
Fall
Change
 Which contributes to global warming according to the second paragraph?
coal, oil and natural gas
carbon dioxide emissions
polar ice caps
According to the third paragraph, what makes natural habitats shrink if there is a population explosion in an area?
The whole ecosystem.
Population expansion.
Agriculture and land development.
What is the best title for the passage?
Effect of dense population on human.
Effect of overpopulation on the environment.
Effect of population explosion on forests.